Dual-sided photovoltaic modules – Solar panels designed to capture sunlight from both sides for enhanced energy yield.
Dual-sided photovoltaic modules, or bifacial panels, are an evolution of solar technology, fundamentally defined by their ability to generate electricity from both the direct sunlight striking the front surface and the ambient light (reflected or diffused) captured by the rear surface.
The Function of these modules is built on a specific cell design where the rear side is engineered to be photosensitive, unlike the opaque backing of a traditional panel. To enable this dual function, the module typically utilizes a transparent backing, either a transparent polymer backsheet or, more commonly, a second sheet of glass, creating a glass-glass structure. When installed, light that is reflected from the ground (albedo) or diffused from the atmosphere passes through this transparent rear side and is absorbed by the back of the solar cells, generating an additional electrical current. This process effectively increases the energy density—the amount of energy produced per unit of installed area.
The Qualitative Features that distinguish these modules include enhanced durability and a longer operational lifespan. The dual-glass construction provides superior protection for the photovoltaic cells against mechanical stress, micro-cracking, and moisture ingress, making them highly resilient in harsh environments like high humidity, high-altitude, or desert installations. Furthermore, the semi-transparent nature of the module allows for innovative and aesthetically pleasing applications, particularly in architectural settings like solar carports, facades, and canopies. The operational performance is subject to optimization, requiring careful consideration of the ground material's reflectivity and the installation height, as greater elevation allows more light to reach the rear surface.
FAQs for Dual-sided Photovoltaic Modules
What is the core functional principle that enables dual-sided energy generation?
The core principle is the utilization of a photosensitive rear side on the solar cell and a transparent back structure (glass or backsheet) that allows reflected and diffused light to be absorbed.
What material composition is typically used to ensure the rear side is transparent and durable?
The most common material composition is a dual-glass (glass-glass) structure, which offers superior weather resistance, moisture protection, and mechanical strength compared to conventional materials.
What operational aspect, related to the installation environment, is most critical for maximizing the rear-side energy gain?
The most critical operational aspect is the high reflectivity (albedo) of the surface beneath the panels, such as white paint, sand, or snow, and the physical elevation of the module above this surface.
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